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</a></div> <!----></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/fe/" aria-current="page" class="sidebar-link">大前端学习路径 + B站资源整合</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>HTML</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>CSS</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>JavaScript</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>TypeScript</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ES6</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Vue</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Vue3</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/fe/vue3/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">面试官：Vue3.0的设计目标是什么？做了哪些优化</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue3/#vue3新特性" class="sidebar-link">Vue3新特性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue3/#一、设计目标" class="sidebar-link">一、设计目标</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue3/#三、优化方案" class="sidebar-link">三、优化方案</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue3/#参考文献" class="sidebar-link">参考文献</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/fe/vue3/vue3_vue2.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：vue3有了解过吗？能说说跟vue2的区别吗？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue3/performance.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue3.0性能提升主要是通过哪几方面体现的？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue3/proxy.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue3.0里为什么要用 Proxy API 替代 defineProperty API ？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue3/composition.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue3.0 所采用的 Composition Api 与 Vue2.x 使用的 Options Api 有什么不同？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue3/treeshaking.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：说说Vue 3.0中Treeshaking特性？举例说明一下？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue3/modal_component.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：用Vue3.0 写过组件吗？如果想实现一个 Modal你会怎么设计？</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>React</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Webpack</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Node.js</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>性能优化</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>手写代码</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="面试官-vue3-0的设计目标是什么-做了哪些优化"><a href="#面试官-vue3-0的设计目标是什么-做了哪些优化" class="header-anchor">#</a> 面试官：Vue3.0的设计目标是什么？做了哪些优化</h1> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/b93b49c0-5c58-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="vue3新特性"><a href="#vue3新特性" class="header-anchor">#</a> Vue3新特性</h2> <div class="language-text extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>Proxy：不只是解决了 defineProperty 的局限性。
Performance：性能更比 Vue 2.0 强。
Tree shaking support：可以将无用模块“剪辑”，仅打包需要的。
Composition API：组合 API。
Fragment, Teleport, Suspense：“碎片”，Teleport 即 Protal 传送门，“悬念”。
Better TypeScript support：更优秀的 Ts 支持。
Custom Renderer API：暴露了自定义渲染 API
</code></pre></div><h2 id="一、设计目标"><a href="#一、设计目标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、设计目标</h2> <p>不以解决实际业务痛点的更新都是耍流氓，下面我们来列举一下<code>Vue3</code>之前我们或许会面临的问题</p> <ul><li><p>随着功能的增长，复杂组件的代码变得越来越难以维护</p></li> <li><p>缺少一种比较「干净」的在多个组件之间提取和复用逻辑的机制</p></li> <li><p>类型推断不够友好</p></li> <li><p><code>bundle</code>的时间太久了</p></li></ul> <p>而 <code>Vue3</code> 经过长达两三年时间的筹备，做了哪些事情？</p> <p>我们从结果反推</p> <ul><li>更小</li> <li>更快</li> <li>TypeScript支持</li> <li>API设计一致性</li> <li>提高自身可维护性</li> <li>开放更多底层功能</li></ul> <p>一句话概述，就是更小更快更友好了</p> <h3 id="更小"><a href="#更小" class="header-anchor">#</a> 更小</h3> <p><code>Vue3</code>移除一些不常用的 <code>API</code></p> <p>引入<code>tree-shaking</code>，可以将无用模块“剪辑”，仅打包需要的，使打包的整体体积变小了</p> <h3 id="更快"><a href="#更快" class="header-anchor">#</a> 更快</h3> <p>主要体现在编译方面：</p> <ul><li>diff算法优化</li> <li>静态提升</li> <li>事件监听缓存</li> <li>SSR优化</li></ul> <p>下篇文章我们会进一步介绍</p> <h3 id="更友好"><a href="#更友好" class="header-anchor">#</a> 更友好</h3> <p><code>vue3</code>在兼顾<code>vue2</code>的<code>options API</code>的同时还推出了<code>composition API</code>，大大增加了代码的逻辑组织和代码复用能力</p> <p>这里代码简单演示下：</p> <p>存在一个获取鼠标位置的函数</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> toRefs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reactive <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">useMouse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">reactive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>y<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">update</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">e</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pageX<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>y <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pageY<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token function">onMounted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        window<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addEventListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'mousemove'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>update<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">onUnmounted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        window<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">removeEventListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'mousemove'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>update<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">toRefs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>state<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>我们只需要调用这个函数，即可获取<code>x</code>、<code>y</code>的坐标，完全不用关注实现过程</p> <p>试想一下，如果很多类似的第三方库，我们只需要调用即可，不必关注实现过程，开发效率大大提高</p> <p>同时，<code>VUE3</code>是基于<code>typescipt</code>编写的，可以享受到自动的类型定义提示</p> <h2 id="三、优化方案"><a href="#三、优化方案" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、优化方案</h2> <p><code>vue3</code>从很多层面都做了优化，可以分成三个方面：</p> <ul><li>源码</li> <li>性能</li> <li>语法 API</li></ul> <h3 id="源码"><a href="#源码" class="header-anchor">#</a> 源码</h3> <p>源码可以从两个层面展开：</p> <ul><li>源码管理</li> <li>TypeScript</li></ul> <h4 id="源码管理"><a href="#源码管理" class="header-anchor">#</a> 源码管理</h4> <p><code>vue3</code>整个源码是通过 <code>monorepo</code>的方式维护的，根据功能将不同的模块拆分到<code>packages</code>目录下面不同的子目录中</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/d7c32520-5c58-11eb-ab90-d9ae814b240d.png" alt=""></p> <p>这样使得模块拆分更细化，职责划分更明确，模块之间的依赖关系也更加明确，开发人员也更容易阅读、理解和更改所有模块源码，提高代码的可维护性</p> <p>另外一些 <code>package</code>（比如 <code>reactivity</code> 响应式库）是可以独立于 <code>Vue</code> 使用的，这样用户如果只想使用 <code>Vue3</code>的响应式能力，可以单独依赖这个响应式库而不用去依赖整个 <code>Vue</code></p> <h4 id="typescript"><a href="#typescript" class="header-anchor">#</a> TypeScript</h4> <p><code>Vue3</code>是基于<code>typeScript</code>编写的，提供了更好的类型检查，能支持复杂的类型推导</p> <h3 id="性能"><a href="#性能" class="header-anchor">#</a> 性能</h3> <p><code>vue3</code>是从什么哪些方面对性能进行进一步优化呢？</p> <ul><li>体积优化</li> <li>编译优化</li> <li>数据劫持优化</li></ul> <p>这里讲述数据劫持：</p> <p>在<code>vue2</code>中，数据劫持是通过<code>Object.defineProperty</code>，这个 API 有一些缺陷，并不能检测对象属性的添加和删除</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">defineProperty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// track</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// trigger</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>尽管<code>Vue</code>为了解决这个问题提供了 <code>set</code>和<code>delete</code>实例方法，但是对于用户来说，还是增加了一定的心智负担</p> <p>同时在面对嵌套层级比较深的情况下，就存在性能问题</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    a<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      b<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          c<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          d<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>相比之下，<code>vue3</code>是通过<code>proxy</code>监听整个对象，那么对于删除还是监听当然也能监听到</p> <p>同时<code>Proxy</code> 并不能监听到内部深层次的对象变化，而 <code>Vue3</code> 的处理方式是在<code>getter</code> 中去递归响应式，这样的好处是真正访问到的内部对象才会变成响应式，而不是无脑递归</p> <h3 id="语法-api"><a href="#语法-api" class="header-anchor">#</a> 语法 API</h3> <p>这里当然说的就是<code>composition API</code>，其两大显著的优化：</p> <ul><li>优化逻辑组织</li> <li>优化逻辑复用</li></ul> <h4 id="逻辑组织"><a href="#逻辑组织" class="header-anchor">#</a> 逻辑组织</h4> <p>一张图，我们可以很直观地感受到 <code>Composition API</code>在逻辑组织方面的优势</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/e5804bc0-5c58-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <p>相同功能的代码编写在一块，而不像<code>options API</code>那样，各个功能的代码混成一块</p> <h4 id="逻辑复用"><a href="#逻辑复用" class="header-anchor">#</a> 逻辑复用</h4> <p>在<code>vue2</code>中，我们是通过<code>mixin</code>实现功能混合，如果多个<code>mixin</code>混合，会存在两个非常明显的问题：命名冲突和数据来源不清晰</p> <p>而通过<code>composition</code>这种形式，可以将一些复用的代码抽离出来作为一个函数，只要的使用的地方直接进行调用即可</p> <p>同样是上文的获取鼠标位置的例子</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> toRefs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reactive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> onUnmounted<span class="token punctuation">,</span> onMounted <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">useMouse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">reactive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>x<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>y<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">update</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">e</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pageX<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>y <span class="token operator">=</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pageY<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token function">onMounted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        window<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addEventListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'mousemove'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>update<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">onUnmounted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        window<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">removeEventListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'mousemove'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>update<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">toRefs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>state<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>组件使用</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> useMousePosition <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./mouse'</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMousePosition</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>可以看到，整个数据来源清晰了，即使去编写更多的<code>hook</code>函数，也不会出现命名冲突的问题</p> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://juejin.cn/post/6850418112878575629#heading-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://juejin.cn/post/6850418112878575629#heading-5<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://vue3js.cn/docs/zh" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://vue3js.cn/docs/zh<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://juejin.im/post/6887359442354962445" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">让你30分钟快速掌握vue 3<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">12/14/2021, 10:12:35 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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